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19.1 Linux监控平台介绍
常见开源监控软件
cacti、nagios、zabbix、smokeping、open-falcon等等cacti、smokeping偏向于基础监控，成图非常漂亮cacti、nagios、zabbix服务端监控中心，需要php环境支持，其中zabbix和cacti都需要mysql作为数据存储，nagios不用存储历史数据，注重服务或者监控项的状态，zabbix会获取服务或者监控项目的数据，会把数据记录到数据库里，从而可以成图open-falcon为小米公司开发，开源后受到诸多大公司和运维工程师的追捧，适合大企业，滴滴、360、新浪微博、京东等大公司在使用这款监控软件，值得研究后续以介绍zabbix为主
19.2 zabbix监控介绍
C/S架构，基于C++开发，监控中心支持web界面配置和管理单server节点可以支持上万台客户端最新版本3.4，官方文档https://www.zabbix.com/manuals5个组件zabbix-server 监控中心，接收客户端上报信息，负责配置、统计、操作数据数据存储 存放数据，比如mysqlweb界面 也叫web UI，在web界面下操作配置是zabbix简单易用的主要原因zabbix-proxy 可选组件，它可以代替zabbix-server的功能，减轻server的压力zabbix-agent 客户端软件，负责采集各个监控服务或项目的数据，并上报
19.3-6 安装zabbix
安装zabbix
官网下载地址 www.zabbix.com/download
wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpmrpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpmyum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql会连带安装httpd和php如果mysql之前没有安装的话，需要根据lamp那一章的mysql安装方法安装mysqlvim /etc/my.cnf //需要增加配置
character_set_server = utf8重启mysqld服务后，进入mysql命令行，创建zabbix库create database zabbix character set utf8;再创建用户grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'aming-zabbix'; 导入数据cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.2.7gzip -d create.sql.gzmysql -uroot -pxxx zabbix < create.sqlsystemctl start httpd; systemctl enable httpd
vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf //修改或增加DBHost=127.0.0.1 //在DBName=zabbix上面增加DBPassword=aming-zabbix //在DBuser下面增加systemctl start zabbix-serversystemctl enable zabbix-servernetstat -lntp |grep zabbix //查看监听端口浏览器访问 w eb界面下面配置zabbix用户名Admin 密码zabbix进入后台第一件事情就是修改密码忘记Admin密码如何做
进入mysql命令行，选择zabbix库mysql -uroot -p zabbixupdate users set passwd=md5(‘newpasswd’) where alias=‘Admin’;这样就更改了Admin用户的密码
Zabbix客户端安装
在客户端上也需要下载zabbix的yum源
wget repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.2/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpmrpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.2-1.el7.noarch.rpmyum install -y zabbix-agentvim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf //修改如下配置Server=127.0.0.1 修改为 Server=192.168.133.130 //定义服务端的ip（被动模式）ServerActive=127.0.0.1 修改为 ServerActive=192.168.133.130 //定义服务端的ip（主动模式）Hostname=Zabbix server 修改为 Hostname=aming-123 //这是自定义的主机名，一会还需要在web界面下设置同样的主机名systemctl start zabbix-agentsystemctl enable zabbix-agent操作过程
linux-01 服务端， linux-02 客户端
服务端安装
[root@linux-01 ~]# wget http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm[root@linux-01 ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm [root@linux-01 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql
启动 MySQL
[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl start mysqld[root@linux-01 ~]# ps aux|grep mysql[root@linux-01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf添加最后一行[mysqld]datadir=/data/mysqlsocket=/tmp/mysql.sockserver-id=160log_bin=aminglinux01character_set_server = utf8
配置 MySQL
[root@linux-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinuxmysql> create database zabbix character set utf8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> grant all on zabbix.* to 'zabbix'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'aming-zabbix';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)[root@linux-01 ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.8/[root@linux-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.8]# lsAUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql.gz NEWS README[root@linux-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.8]# gzip -d create.sql.gz [root@linux-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.8]# lsAUTHORS ChangeLog COPYING create.sql NEWS README[root@linux-01 zabbix-server-mysql-3.4.8]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux zabbix < create.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
启动 zabbix
[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-serverJob for zabbix-server.service failed because a configured resource limit was exceeded. See "systemctl status zabbix-server.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@linux-01 ~]# getenforce Enforcing[root@linux-01 ~]# setenforce 0[root@linux-01 ~]# getenforce Permissive[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl start httpd
开机启动
[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl enable httpdCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-serverCreated symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service.
zabbix启动但没有监听端口，修改配置
[root@linux-01 ~]# ps aux |grep zabbixzabbix 11841 0.0 0.1 259384 3368 ? S 04:00 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.confroot 11990 0.0 0.0 112676 980 pts/0 R+ 04:08 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix[root@linux-01 ~]# netstat -lnptActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1041/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:39029 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 978/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1323/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:48259 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 980/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 11706/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::41514 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::43981 :::* LISTEN 980/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 11888/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1041/rpc.mountd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 978/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1323/master tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN -
[root@linux-01 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
添加以下 第2第4行DBHost=127.0.0.1
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=aming-zabbix[root@linux-01 ~]# netstat -lnptActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1041/rpc.mountd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:39029 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 978/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1323/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2049 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10051 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12062/zabbix_server tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:48259 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 980/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 11706/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::41514 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::43981 :::* LISTEN 980/rpc.statd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 11888/httpd tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 1041/rpc.mountd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 978/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1323/master tcp6 0 0 :::2049 :::* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::10051 :::* LISTEN 12062/zabbix_server [root@linux-01 ~]# ps aux |grep zabbixzabbix 12062 0.5 0.2 259488 4200 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.confzabbix 12065 0.0 0.1 259488 2528 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: configuration syncer [waiting 60 sec for processes]zabbix 12066 0.0 0.1 259488 2532 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter #1 startedzabbix 12067 0.0 0.1 259488 2532 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter #2 startedzabbix 12068 0.0 0.1 259488 2532 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alerter #3 startedzabbix 12069 0.0 0.1 259488 2528 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: housekeeper [startup idle for 30 minutes]zabbix 12070 0.0 0.1 259560 2984 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: timer #1 [processed 0 triggers, 0 events in 0.000090 sec, 0 maintenances in 0.000000 sec, idle 30 sec]zabbix 12071 0.0 0.1 259488 2908 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: http poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000733 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12072 0.1 0.2 363848 5096 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: discoverer #1 [processed 0 rules in 0.001027 sec, idle 60 sec]zabbix 12073 0.0 0.1 259488 2884 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #1 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 12074 0.0 0.1 259488 2884 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #2 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 12075 0.0 0.1 259488 2884 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #3 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 12076 0.0 0.1 259488 2884 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: history syncer #4 [synced 0 items in 0.000001 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 12081 0.0 0.2 259488 3848 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: escalator #1 [processed 0 escalations in 0.000989 sec, idle 3 sec]zabbix 12082 0.0 0.2 259488 3840 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: proxy poller #1 [exchanged data with 0 proxies in 0.000003 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12083 0.0 0.1 259488 2652 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: self-monitoring [processed data in 0.000007 sec, idle 1 sec]zabbix 12084 0.0 0.1 259488 2888 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: task manager [processed 0 task(s) in 0.000685 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12085 0.1 0.2 366460 5268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000004 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12089 0.1 0.2 366460 5268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #2 [got 0 values in 0.000004 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12090 0.1 0.2 366460 5268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #3 [got 0 values in 0.000006 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12091 0.1 0.2 366460 5268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #4 [got 0 values in 0.000004 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12092 0.1 0.2 366460 5268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: poller #5 [got 0 values in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12093 0.1 0.2 366460 5268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: unreachable poller #1 [got 0 values in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12094 0.0 0.1 259488 3620 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #1 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 12095 0.0 0.1 259488 3620 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #2 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 12096 0.0 0.1 259488 3620 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #3 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 12100 0.0 0.1 259488 3620 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #4 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 12101 0.0 0.1 259488 3620 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: trapper #5 [processed data in 0.000000 sec, waiting for connection]zabbix 12102 0.0 0.1 262092 2688 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: icmp pinger #1 [got 0 values in 0.000005 sec, idle 5 sec]zabbix 12105 0.0 0.1 259488 3268 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: alert manager #1 [sent 0, failed 0 alerts, idle 5.013129 sec during 5.013131 sec]zabbix 12106 0.0 0.1 259488 3024 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing manager #1 [queued 0, processed 0 values, idle 5.006026 sec during 5.006029 sec]zabbix 12108 0.0 0.1 259488 2580 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing worker #1 startedzabbix 12109 0.0 0.1 259488 2580 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing worker #2 startedzabbix 12110 0.0 0.1 259488 2580 ? S 04:17 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_server: preprocessing worker #3 startedroot 12120 0.0 0.0 112676 976 pts/0 R+ 04:17 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix
web配置zabbix
[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld在浏览器中打开 http://192.168.106.160/zabbix 设置zabbix[root@linux-01 ~]# vim /etc/php.inidate.timezone = Asia/Shanghai[root@linux-01 ~]# systemctl restart httpd界面 Configure DB connection Database host：127.0.0.1 Database port：0 Database name：zabbix User：zabbix Password：aming-zabbix界面 Zabbix server details 随意设置名字 Name : linux-01登陆界面 默认 用户名：Admin 秘密： zabbixAdministration---Users---Admin,进去后修改密码和语言（aminglinux）---update---Apply
忘记Admin密码如何做
[root@linux-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -paminglinuxmysql> use zabbix;mysql> show tables;mysql> desc users;mysql> update users set passwd=md5('aming') where alias='Admin';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from users;使用新密码登陆zabbix 客户端安装
[root@linux-02 ~]# wget http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm[root@linux-02 ~]# rpm -ivh zabbix-release-3.4-2.el7.noarch.rpm [root@linux-02 ~]# yum install -y zabbix-agent zabbix-get zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web zabbix-web-mysql[root@linux-02 ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf设置服务端IPServer=192.168.106.160ServerActive=192.168.106.160Hostname=linux-02
客户端启动
[root@linux-02 ~]# systemctl start zabbix-agent[root@linux-02 ~]# ps aux|grep zabbixzabbix 1392 0.0 0.0 82740 1264 ? S 22:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd -c /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.confzabbix 1393 0.0 0.0 82740 1296 ? S 22:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: collector [idle 1 sec]zabbix 1394 0.0 0.0 82740 1852 ? S 22:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #1 [waiting for connection]zabbix 1395 0.0 0.0 82740 1852 ? S 22:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #2 [waiting for connection]zabbix 1396 0.0 0.0 82740 1852 ? S 22:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: listener #3 [waiting for connection]zabbix 1397 0.0 0.1 82872 2200 ? S 22:47 0:00 /usr/sbin/zabbix_agentd: active checks #1 [idle 1 sec]root 1400 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/0 R+ 22:47 0:00 grep --color=auto zabbix[root@linux-02 ~]# netstat -lnptActive Internet connections (only servers)Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 937/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1179/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:10050 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1392/zabbix_agentd tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 937/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1179/master tcp6 0 0 :::10050 :::* LISTEN 1392/zabbix_agentd
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/9298822/2120046